Chapter two · An archipelago of differences
Indonesia.
Follow the islands.
Discover the differences.
Photograph: Hugo Rio Aditya / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Display cropped and darkened
The country chapter
One country.
Many island worlds.
Rainforest landscapes in Sumatra, seasonal islands around Komodo, and the mountain-to-coast environments of Papua offer very different starting points for exploring Indonesia’s snakes.
Deep-water straits across Wallacea separate island groups from the Asian and Australian continental shelves. The locality matters: a species recorded on one island cannot simply be assigned to its neighbours. Landscape sources
374sourced species accounts
7island-region guides
A source-audited catalogue, checked 7 October 2026. Counts describe supported records in this edition; taxonomic revisions and new field records can change them.
Read the islands
Seven ways in.
These groups organise the chapter. Each account names its supported islands; a regional link never means occurrence throughout that region.
01
Sumatra
From lowland rainforest to the Bukit Barisan mountains.
158 species accounts02Java & Bali
Lowland forest remnants and island-specific snake records.
99 species accounts03Kalimantan
Rainforest, river basins, lakes and swamp landscapes.
91 species accounts04Sulawesi
A central island group in the Wallacean transition.
59 species accounts05Lesser Sundas
Seasonal island landscapes between Lombok and Timor.
34 species accounts06Maluku
Island-by-island records across the eastern archipelago.
67 species accounts07Papua
From southern lowlands toward the central mountains.
69 species accountsNamed islands & island groups
Alor · 6Ambon · 13Aru Islands · 12Babar · 4Bacan · 8Bali · 37Banda Islands · 2Banggai · 1Bangka · 44Batanta · 9Batu Islands · 1Belitung · 28Biak · 5Boano · 1Borneo · 90Buru · 3Buton · 8Damar · 1Enggano · 1Flores · 17Halmahera · 16Haruku · 1Java · 97Kai Islands · 6Komodo · 14Lembata · 5Lombok · 12Madura · 1Mentawai Islands · 31Miang Besar · 1Misool · 8Morotai · 4Natuna Islands · 18New Guinea · 59Nias · 41Numfoor · 3Raja Ampat · 2Riau Islands · 16Roti · 4Salawati · 16Sangihe Islands · 8Saparua · 1Seram · 13Siberut · 2Simeulue · 14Sipora · 1Sula Islands · 7Sulawesi · 59Sumatra · 148Sumba · 11Sumbawa · 12Talaud Islands · 1Tanahjampea · 3Tanimbar Islands · 8Ternate · 12Tidore · 1Timor · 9Togian Islands · 2Waigeo · 3Weh · 7Wetar · 4Yapen · 6Yos Sudarso · 2
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Natural Earth · 1:50m · public domain. Generalised boundaries, including disputed areas, are geographic references and do not imply endorsement. Small islands may be omitted at this scale. Colours show atlas navigation, not species distribution.
Asia · Chapter available
Indonesia
Seven island-region guides and 374 sourced species accounts, with island records and qualifications.
The species catalogue
Meet the species.
Search all supported Indonesian species. Each card opens one shared account, with country and island records, sources, and Borneo or Malaysia overlap labels.
374 of 374 species accounts
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001Acanthophis laevis
MACLEAY, 1877
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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002Acanthophis rugosus
LOVERIDGE, 1948
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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003Arafura filesnake
Acrochordus arafurae
MCDOWELL, 1979
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
Little filesnake
Acrochordus granulatus
(SCHNEIDER, 1799)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
BorneoMalaysia
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005Javan File Snake
Acrochordus javanicus
HORNSTEDT, 1787
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
BorneoMalaysia
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006Speckle-headed Whipsnake
Ahaetulla fasciolata
(FISCHER, 1885)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
BorneoMalaysia
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007Malayan (Green) Whipsnake
Ahaetulla mycterizans
(LINNAEUS, 1758)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
Malaysia
Gunther’s whip snake
Ahaetulla prasina
(BOIE, 1827)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Mildly venomousHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
BorneoMalaysia
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009Reef shallows seasnake
Aipysurus duboisii
BAVAY, 1869
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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010Spine-tailed seasnake
Aipysurus eydouxii
(GRAY, 1849)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
BorneoMalaysia
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011Dusky Seasnake
Aipysurus fuscus
(TSCHUDI, 1837)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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012Olive-brown seasnake
Aipysurus laevis
LACÉPÈDE, 1804
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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013Webers Cylinder Snake
Anomochilus weberi
(LIDTH DE JEUDE, 1890)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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014Anoplohydrus aemulans
WERNER, 1909
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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015Papuan Spotted Python
Antaresia papuensis
ESQUERRÉ, DONNELLAN, PAVÓN-VÁZQUEZ, FENKER & KEOGH, 2021
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
Blunthead Slug Snake
Aplopeltura boa
(BOIE, 1828)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
BorneoMalaysia
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017Papuan (olive) python
Apodora papuana
(PETERS & DORIA, 1878)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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018Diard’s blindsnake
Argyrophis diardii
(SCHLEGEL, 1839)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
Malaysia
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019Brown Worm Snake
Argyrophis fuscus
(DUMÉRIL, 1851)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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020Sumatra Worm Snake
Argyrophis hypsobothrius
(WERNER, 1917)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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021Müller’s Blind Snake
Argyrophis muelleri
(SCHLEGEL, 1839)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
BorneoMalaysia
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022Müller’s crown snake
Aspidomorphus muelleri
(SCHLEGEL, 1837)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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023Schlegel’s crown snake
Aspidomorphus schlegelii
(GÜNTHER, 1872)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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024Smooth Slug Snake
Asthenodipsas laevis
(BOIE, 1827)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
BorneoMalaysia
Kept separate from the checklist
8 unresolved Indonesian records
These accounts explain uncertain or conflicting records. They are excluded from the confirmed country count and island lists.
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001Gerard's Water Snake
Gerarda prevostiana
(EYDOUX & GERVAIS, 1837)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Mildly venomousHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
BorneoMalaysia
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002Port Darwin seasnake
Hydrelaps darwiniensis
BOULENGER, 1896
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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003Pacific seasnake
Hydrophis pacificus
BOULENGER, 1896
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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004Common or beaked seasnake
Hydrophis schistosus
DAUDIN, 1803
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
BorneoMalaysia
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005Madatyphlops albanalis
(RENDAHL, 1918)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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006Olive Mountain Keelback
Opisthotropis typica
(MOCQUARD, 1890)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
BorneoMalaysia
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007Northern New Guinea blindsnake
Ramphotyphlops erycinus
(WERNER, 1901)
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
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008Pope’s Tree Viper
Trimeresurus popeiorum
SMITH, 1937
- Length
- Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
- Venom status
- Venom classification not yet addedHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
- Known venom effects
- Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
Sources & coverage
Follow the evidence.
Species accounts use the Reptile Database and relevant primary studies. Conflicting records are qualified or omitted; omitted species and regions are not claims of absence.
Landscape references below describe particular protected areas or regional geography. They are not evidence that a listed snake occurs inside a named park. Species-level references appear on each account.
615 candidates were checked across country and island indexes: 374 included, 8 unresolved, and 233 excluded. Search-index membership alone is not accepted as a distribution record.
Review excluded candidates and reasons
- Acanthophis antarcticus — Australia and PNG listed; Indonesian laevis/rugosus elevated to distinct species.
- Acutotyphlops infralabialis — Solomon Islands and PNG Bougainville only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Acutotyphlops kunuaensis — Solomon Islands and PNG Bougainville only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Acutotyphlops solomonis — Solomon Islands and PNG localities only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Acutotyphlops subocularis — Bismarck Archipelago in PNG only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Ahaetulla flavescens — India, Bhutan and Myanmar only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Ahaetulla nasuta — Modern range restricted to Sri Lanka; old Java locality is erroneous.
- Aipysurus apraefrontalis — Named Timor Sea locality is Australian Ashmore Reef; no evidence of Indonesian waters.
- Aipysurus foliosquama — Named Timor Sea reefs are Australian; no evidence of Indonesian waters.
- Amphiesma stolatum — No Indonesian range; Borneo report explicitly attributed to misidentification.
- Anomochilus leonardi — Malaysia and Malaysian Sabah only; no Indonesian locality.
- Anomochilus monticola — Malaysian Sabah only; no Indonesian locality.
- Aparallactus lunulatus — African range only; Arusha is in Tanzania, not Aru Indonesia.
- Archelaphe bella — Continental Asian range only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Aspidomorphus dimorphus — Sudest Island, PNG only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Aspidomorphus lineaticollis — Eastern PNG island groups only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Aspidura brachyorrhos — Sri Lankan species; Java type locality explicitly erroneous.
- Asthenodipsas borneensis — Malaysian Sabah only; no Indonesian locality.
- Asthenodipsas ingeri — Malaysian Sabah and possible Sarawak only; no Indonesian locality.
- Asthenodipsas jamilinaisi — Malaysian Sabah only; no Indonesian locality.
- Asthenodipsas lasgalenensis — Peninsular Malaysia only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Asthenodipsas stuebingi — Malaysian Sabah only; no Indonesian locality.
- Asthenodipsas vertebralis — Sumatran populations reassigned to A. tropidonota (Loredo et al. 2013); Borneo confirmed only from Malaysian Sarawak by Quah et al. 2021, not Indonesian Kalimantan.
- Atractaspis congica — African range; Seram in historical locality text refers to a Congo research station.
- Atractus gaigeae — Ecuadorian species; Zaruma is not Aru Indonesia.
- Atractus sanguineus — Colombian species; Yarumal is not Aru Indonesia.
- Atractus steyermarki — Venezuela and Guyana only.
- Atractus tamessari — Venezuela and Guyana only.
- Boa constrictor — American range; Aruba is not Aru Indonesia.
- Boiga cyanea — Continental Asian and Indian island range only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Boiga gocool — South Asian range only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Boiga multifasciata — Himalayan range only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Boiga quincunciata — Myanmar, India and Bhutan only.
- Boiga siamensis — Continental Asian range including Malaysia, but no Indonesian locality.
- Boiga stoliczkae — Continental Asian range only; no Indonesian locality.
- Bothrochilus boa — Bismarck Archipelago and eastern PNG islands only; no Indonesian occurrence.
- Bothrops germanoi — Brazilian island species; Guaruja is not Aru Indonesia.
- Bungarus bungaroides — Continental Asian range only; no Indonesian locality.
- Bungarus lividus — South Asian range only; no Indonesian locality.
- Bungarus niger — South Asian range only; no Indonesian locality.
- Calamaria gracillima — Sarawak endemic in source; Malaysian Borneo is not Indonesian Kalimantan.
- Calamaria griswoldi — Malaysian Sabah only in source; no Indonesian locality.
- Calamaria prakkei — Malaysian Sabah only in source; no Indonesian locality.
- Calamaria schmidti — Malaysian Sabah only in source; no Indonesian locality.
- Cerberus rynchops — Indonesian population reassigned to C. schneiderii; Timor-Leste is separate from Indonesia.
- Chironius challenger — Guyana and Venezuela only.
- Chironius quadricarinatus — South American range only.
- Chrysopelea ornata — Indonesian reports explicitly reassigned to C. paradisi; old Ambon type mention is not a valid Indonesian occurrence.
- Coronella austriaca — Eurasian species; putative Borneo type locality explicitly erroneous.
- Crotalus durissus — South American species; Aruba reference is not Aru Indonesia.
- Crotalus unicolor — Aruba endemic; not Aru Indonesia.
- Cryptophis nigrostriatus — Australia and PNG only; no Indonesian locality.
- Cylindrophis engkariensis — Malaysian Sarawak locality only; no Indonesian locality.
- Demansia papuensis — Comment explicitly confines species to Australia and reassigns New Guinea records to D. vestigiata; Irian Jaya is doubtful.
- Demansia vestigiata — Australia and southern PNG only; no Indonesian locality.
- Dendrelaphis anthracina — Sudest Island, PNG only.
- Dendrelaphis atra — Misima Island, PNG only.
- Dendrelaphis biloreatus — Continental Asian range only; no Indonesian locality.
- Dendrelaphis cyanochloris — No Indonesian locality; even Malaysian Borneo record explicitly only possible.
- Dendrelaphis melanarkys — Rossel Island, PNG only.
- Dendrelaphis papuensis — Trobriand Islands, PNG only after 2025 split.
- Dendrelaphis proarchos — Continental Asian species split from D. pictus; no Indonesian locality.
- Dendrelaphis punctulatus — Australia and PNG listed, with no Indonesian locality; Indonesian lineolatus is a separate species.
- Dendrelaphis roseni — Woodlark Island, PNG only.
- Dendrophidion crybelum — Central American species; San Vito de Java is in Costa Rica, not Indonesia.
- Dinodon butleri — Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand only; no Indonesian locality.
- Dinodon fasciatus — Continental Asian range only; no Indonesian locality.
- Dinodon gammiei — India, Bhutan and China only.
- Dinodon septentrionalis — Continental Asian range only; no Indonesian locality.
- Echis carinatus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Elaphe cantoris — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Epictia tenella — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Euprepiophis mandarinus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Ferania sieboldii — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Fowlea piscator — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Fowlea sanctijohannis — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Garthius chaseni — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus addisoni — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus depressiceps — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus eurydice — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus flavinotatus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus fredparkeri — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus hades — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus inornatus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus lestes — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus lorealis — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus mcdowelli — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus papuanorum — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus persephone — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus polyadenus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus slapcinskyi — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gerrhopilus wallachi — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gloydius chambensis — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gloydius variegatus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gongylosoma frenata — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gonyosoma frenatum — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gonyosoma margaritatum — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Gonyosoma prasinum — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hebius clerki — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hebius gilhodesi — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hebius khasiensis — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hebius lacrima — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hebius modestus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hebius taronensis — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hebius venningi — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Herpetoreas davidi — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Herpetoreas pealii — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Herpetoreas platyceps — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Homalophis doriae — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hydrophis czeblukovi — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hydrophis elegans — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hydrophis kingii — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hydrophis macdowelli — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hydrophis major — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hydrophis vorisi — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Hydrophis zweifeli — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Indotyphlops combank — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Indotyphlops jerdoni — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Indotyphlops laca — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Laticauda frontalis — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Laticauda guineai — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Laticauda schistorhyncha — Excluded: Comment restricts the modern species to Niue; the Indonesian Sea distribution is stale.
- Leiopython fredparkeri — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Leptodeira bakeri — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Leptophis liocercus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Leptotyphlops incognitus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Liasis fuscus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Lielaphis admiraltiensis — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Lielaphis aplini — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Lielaphis diehli — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Lielaphis guentheri — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Lielaphis heterurus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Lielaphis melanolabiatus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Lielaphis nancuro — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Lielaphis reticulatus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Lielaphis slashi — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Limaformosa chanleri — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Limnophis branchi — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Liopeltis stoliczkae — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Lycodon aulicus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Lycodon jara — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Macrocalamus chanardi — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Macrocalamus lateralis — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Malpolon insignitus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Micrurus spixii — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Morelia imbricata — Excluded: current species is southwestern Australian; Indonesian text conflicts with modern species limits.
- Naja kaouthia — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Natrix natrix — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Nerodia sipedon — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Notechis scutatus — Excluded: Australian species; Java type locality is explicitly erroneous.
- Oligodon albocinctus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Oligodon ancorus — Excluded: Comment explicitly rejects Sumatra following Tillack and Guenther 2010.
- Oligodon cinereus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Oligodon dorsalis — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Oligodon erythrorhachis — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Oligodon melanozonatus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Ophiophagus hannah — Excluded: after the 2024 split, the Indonesian populations belong to Ophiophagus bungarus.
- Oreocalamus hanitschi — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Ovophis monticola — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Ovophis zayuensis — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Paikwaophis kruki — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Parapistocalamus hedigeri — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Pareas kaduri — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Pareas monticola — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Phalotris nigrilatus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Protobothrops jerdonii — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Protobothrops kaulbacki — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Protobothrops mucrosquamatus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Psammophis leightoni — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Psammophylax kellyi — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Psammophylax tritaeniatus — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Pseudorabdion saravacense — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Pseudoxenodon baramensis — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Pseudoxenodon macrops — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Ptyas nigromarginata — The reviewed range supplies no supported Indonesian occurrence; search-query membership is insufficient.
- Ramphotyphlops erebus — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Ramphotyphlops leucoproctus — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Ramphotyphlops torresianus — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Rhabdophis bindi — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Rhabdophis helleri — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Rhabdophis himalayanus — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Rhabdophis murudensis — Malaysian Borneo only; no Indonesian Kalimantan locality.
- Rhadinella kinkelini — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Rhamphiophis rubropunctatus — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Sibon miskitus — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Sibynophis collaris — Continental Asia and West Malaysia only in current range.
- Sinomicrurus macclellandi — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Smithophis arunachalensis — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Smithophis bicolor — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Stegonotus caligocephalus — Malaysian Borneo only; no Indonesian Kalimantan locality.
- Stegonotus dorsalis — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Stegonotus poechi — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus atratus — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus buergersi — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus cratermontanus — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus ernstmayri — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus goodenoughensis — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus holopelturus — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus lamingtoni — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus longhagen — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus longissimus — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus loriae — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus mattisoni — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus mintoni — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus misimae — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus nigrescens — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus nymani — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus pachysomus — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus pumehanae — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus spilolepidotus — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus spilorhynchus — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Toxicocalamus vertebralis — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Trachischium apteii — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Trachischium fuscum — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Trachischium monticola — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Trachischium reticulata — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Trachischium tenuiceps — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Trimeresurus arunachalensis — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Trimeresurus erythrurus — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Trimeresurus medoensis — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Trimeresurus salazar — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Trimerodytes percarinatus — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Tropidolaemus huttoni — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Tropidonophis aenigmaticus — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Tropidonophis dolasii — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Tropidonophis hypomelas — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Tropidonophis parkeri — Papua New Guinea occurrence does not establish Indonesian Papua.
- Uromacer catesbyi — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Uropeltis madurensis — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Vipera berus — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Vipera latastei — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Vipera renardi — Current range lists localities outside Indonesia; no Indonesian occurrence established.
- Xenophidion acanthognathus — Malaysian Borneo only; no Indonesian Kalimantan locality.
Sources checked 7 October 2026. Taxonomic and distribution treatments may change.
- UNESCO — Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
- UNESCO — Ujung Kulon National Park
- Betung Kerihun and Danau Sentarum National Parks — Biosphere reserve
- Sopaheluwakan — Earth system processes of the Wallacea and their implications to the Indonesian Throughflow and biogeography
- UNESCO — Komodo National Park
- UNESCO — Lorentz National Park