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Homalopsidae · Philippine record

Gerard's Water Snake

Gerarda prevostiana(EYDOUX & GERVAIS 1837)

Length
Length not yet addedAtlas entry awaiting completion
Venom status
Mildly venomousHuman effects: atlas summary awaiting completion
Known venom effects
Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
Size & venom sources

Venom: Basic classification explicitly recorded in the species account. Detailed effects and medical significance have not yet been summarised here.

Species account, Comments

Venom effects and medical significance are different from toxicity rankings. Do not handle a snake on the basis of this summary.

A water snake that can take prey apart. Its loop-and-pull feeding technique lets it eat pieces of freshly moulted crabs.

OccurrenceConfirmed
Islands named1
Natural history5 sourced topics
References4

Literature updated 2026-10-07 · Editorial review pending

Explore the island records ↓

Species portrait

Gerarda prevostiana

Image to follow
Reserved for a contributor imageCredit and usage rights will accompany the image.

The illustrated collection

Adult & juvenile

Adult · study plate

Gerarda prevostiana

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Juvenile · study plate

Gerarda prevostiana

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Reserved for a contributor imageCredit and usage rights will accompany the image.

Life stages will be labelled from the contributor’s information. Images alone do not establish identification or a locality record.

Media provenance

Every image carries its source.

Contributor images are forthcoming. Photographs and illustrations will retain their individual credits, permissions and evidence notes.

A closer look

Natural history & identification

Diet & foraging

The examined wild animals had eaten freshly moulted crabs. Captive snakes refused hard-shelled crabs.

Evidence & scope

Literature documented · p. 143, stomach contents and trials

Singapore; fifteen captive snakes.

Behaviour

Loops its body around a crab and pulls with its jaws, tearing off pieces that can be swallowed separately.

Evidence & scope

Literature documented · p. 143; Fig. 1

Direct feeding observations.

Not a prey-frequency survey in the Philippines.

Reproduction

The species account records live-bearing reproduction, using the term ovoviviparous. A verified Philippine litter-size range and reproductive calendar are not established here.

Evidence & scope

Literature documented · Reproduction field

Reproductive mode reported for this named species.

Mode alone does not establish litter or clutch size, seasonal timing, or captive husbandry requirements.

Philippine distribution

The atlas records Gerarda prevostiana from these named Philippine areas: Luzon. These are literature areas rather than a continuous range boundary.

Evidence & scope

Literature documented · Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review

The original evidence level is retained.

A country listing cannot establish an island or a precise locality.

Taxonomic context

Gerarda prevostiana is retained in the atlas’s dated checklist under Homalopsidae. The authority is (EYDOUX & GERVAIS 1837). Earlier names and the original source notes are preserved below for comparison.

Evidence & scope

Literature documented · Checklist identity and nomenclatural trail

Checklist verified 2026-09-05; not a newly revised taxonomic backbone.

Historical names can cover different biological concepts; synonyms should not be used to transfer records automatically.

Across the archipelago

Where this species is recorded

Philippines
Gerarda prevostiana — all named islandsLuzon

Documented islands: gold · island groups: dashed circles

Island-level records · not continuous habitat coverage. Dashed circles locate groups, not individual observations.

Philippine distribution

Documented places

1 named island / island group

Select an island to read its distribution record and sources. Uncoloured islands are not evidence of absence.

Distribution record & sources

India (coastal Maharashtra, N Kerala, Gujarat), S Myanmar (= Burma), Sri Lanka, Thailand ?, Philippines, S Cambodia, Bangladesh ?; West Malaysia; Singapore, Indonesia (Borneo: Sarawak) Type locality: “Manille” (= Manila, 14°37' N, 120°58' E, Luzon, Philippines)

References attached to this species account. Island-specific evidence is shown separately where available.

The Reptile Database — species checklist, 17 June 2026 ↗

Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines: A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature ↗

Snake circumvents constraints on prey size ↗

Gerarda prevostiana — The Reptile Database species account ↗

Living with wildlife

Give this snake space.

Mildly venomous · Effects not yet summarised in this atlas

Observe from a distance. Do not handle, corner or capture a snake to identify it. An incomplete venom account is not evidence that a species is safe to handle.

After a suspected snakebite, keep the person still and arrange urgent medical care. Avoid tight tourniquets, cutting, suction and unproven remedies. Do not wait to identify the snake before seeking help.

WHO guidance on snakebite first aid

Species record

Taxonomy, occurrence & evidence.

Identity

Accepted name
Gerarda prevostiana
Common names
Gerard's Water Snake, Cat-eyed Water Snake, Glossy Marsh snake · Katzenaugen-Wassertrugnatter
Authority
(EYDOUX & GERVAIS 1837)
Year described
1837
Taxonomic status
Accepted species
Family
Homalopsidae
Genus
Gerarda
Species epithet
prevostiana
Persistent ID
PH-SERP-AEB1F00E22
Checklist checked
2026-09-05

Philippine occurrence

Status
Present
Confidence
Confirmed
Basis
2018 Philippine synopsis treatment plus current RDB listing
Islands named
Luzon

Range noteCountry/island text is not a range polygon or locality record.

Source distribution statement

India (coastal Maharashtra, N Kerala, Gujarat), S Myanmar (= Burma), Sri Lanka, Thailand ?, Philippines, S Cambodia, Bangladesh ?; West Malaysia; Singapore, Indonesia (Borneo: Sarawak) Type locality: “Manille” (= Manila, 14°37' N, 120°58' E, Luzon, Philippines)

Knowledge coverage

EndemismResearch pending
EcologyLiterature documented
VenomMildly venomous
Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
Detailed research: Research pending
ConservationResearch pending

Names through time

Nomenclatural trail

Coluber (Homalopsis) prevostianus EYDOUX & GERVAIS 1837: 5 Gerarda bicolor GRAY 1849 (fide SMITH 1943) Campylodon Prevostianum — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 964 Gerarda prevostiana — COPE 1862: 1 Heleophis flavescens MÜLLER 1884 (fide SMITH 1943) Helipophis flavescens MÜLLER 1884: 286 (fide MURPHY & VORIS 2014, in error) Gerardia prevostiana — WALL 1905: 307 Gerardia prevostiana — WALL 1921: 262 Gerardia prevostiana — SMITH 1943: 394 Gerardia prevostianus — DAS 1996: 56 Gerarda prevostiana — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 353 Gerarda prevostiana — COX et al. 1998: 42 Gerardia prevostiana — SHARMA 2004 Gerarda prevostiana — MURPHY & VORIS 2014: 20 Gerarda prevostiana — WALLACH et al. 2014: 306

Taxonomic and source notes

History: The year of description of this species has been given as “1822”; we cannot find a paper by Eydoux & Gervais from that year, but another paper published in 1837 is available online. Diet: mainly crabs. The Gerard's water snake tears its prey into bite-sized pieces, in contrast to most other snakes (Jayne et al. 2002). Habitat: marshes, mangroves and tidal rivers in the costal areas, i.e. partially “marine”. Mildly venomous. Type species: Coluber (Homalopsis) prevostianus EYDOUX & GERVAIS 1837 is the type species of the genus Gerarda GRAY 1849.

References attached to this record

2026

The Reptile Database — species checklist, 17 June 2026

Uetz, P.; Freed, P.; Aguilar, R.; Reyes, F.; Kudera, J.; Hošek, J. (eds.)

Open source ↗
2018

Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines: A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature

Leviton, A. E.; Siler, C. D.; Weinell, J. L.; Brown, R. M.

Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64(14): 399–568

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11512589

Open source ↗
2002

Snake circumvents constraints on prey size

Jayne, B. C.; Voris, H. K.; Ng, P. K. L.

Nature 418: 143

Full author-hosted paper consulted. Field stomach contents and captive feeding trials in Singapore.

Open source ↗
n.d.

Gerarda prevostiana — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Open source ↗