The evidence behind
the archipelago.

authoritative taxonomic database

The Reptile Database — species checklist, 17 June 2026

Uetz, P.; Freed, P.; Aguilar, R.; Reyes, F.; Kudera, J.; Hošek, J. (eds.)

Accessed 2026-09-05

primary taxonomic revision

Diversification and Colonisation in the Indo-Australian Archipelago: Genomic Insights From Colubrid Snakes

Bernstein, J. M. et al.

DOI 10.1111/jbi.70202

Section 4.3, pp. 13–14. Current names are annotated without merging or reassigning historical atlas records.

Accessed 2026-10-07

Taxonomic database

Naja philippinensis — The Reptile Database

Uetz, P. et al. (editors)

Taxonomy, distribution, reproduction and type records; accessed 6 September 2026

Accessed 2026-09-06

primary venom research

Bite First, Bleed Later: How Philippine Trimeresurus Pit Viper Venoms Hijack Blood Clotting

Castillo, D. A. E.; Seneci, L.; Chowdhury, A.; Rimando, M. G.; Fry, B. G.

Toxins 17(4): 185

DOI 10.3390/toxins17040185

Laboratory coagulation and neutralisation experiments. These do not establish clinical efficacy, treatment doses or individual bite outcomes.

Accessed 2026-09-07

primary taxonomic research

First description of the female of Calamaria andersoni Yang & Zheng, 2018 (Squamata, Calamariidae), with an expanded diagnosis

Zhang, T.; Xu, Y.; Tan, N. V.; Poyarkov, N.; Peng, L.; Deng, J.; Wang, X.; Huang, S.

Biodiversity Data Journal 13: e165597

DOI 10.3897/BDJ.13.e165597

Introduction explicitly characterises Calamaria as nonvenomous. Used only for that genus-level classification, not to transfer measurements or ecology of C. andersoni to Philippine species.

Accessed 2026-09-07

peer reviewed taxonomic revision

Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah species complex

Das, I. et al.

European Journal of Taxonomy 961: 1–51

DOI 10.5852/ejt.2024.961.2681

Accessed 2026-09-05

peer reviewed taxonomic revision

Two new species of the shieldtail snake genus Rhinophis from Sri Lanka

Gower, D. J.; Sampaio, F. L.; Vidanapathirana, D. R.; Wickramasinghe, L. J. M.

Zootaxa 5458(3): 332–360

DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.5458.3.2

Accessed 2026-09-05

field observation

First ecological notes on the Waray Dwarf Burrowing Snake, Levitonius mirus Weinell et al. 2020, from the shore of a crater lake in Burauen, Leyte, Philippines

Modina, R. M.; Cuta, C. B.; Memoracion, K. R.

Herpetology Notes 17: 81–85

Publisher record consulted. The full ecological account remains to be checked; no photographs or specimen details have been reproduced.

Accessed 2026-09-07

peer reviewed conservation review

Challenges of regulating commercial use of marine elapid snakes in the Indo-Pacific

Auliya, M.; Rasmussen, A. R.; Sanders, K. L.; Lobo, A. S.

Conservation Biology 38(5): e14336

DOI 10.1111/cobi.14336

Abstract consulted. Reviews literature from 1974–2022 and trade data; not a current Red List assessment.

Accessed 2026-09-07

Medical handbook

Snakebite Management & Treatment in the Philippines: Handbook for Medical Practitioners

Mario Lutz

ISBN 9781300743125; publisher description verified. Further reading; book text not reviewed for this profile.

Accessed 2026-09-06

primary natural history observation

Notes on the distribution and natural history of the enigmatic and endangered Opisthotropis alcalai (Brown & Leviton, 1961) on Mindanao Island, Philippines

Maglangit, E. P. T.; Bonachita, S. A. A.; Arnado, M. J. T.; Nuñeza, O. M.

Herpetology Notes 16: 527–531

Full text consulted. Feeding observation is from one individual; proposed tadpole species and potential egg predation are not confirmed prey identifications.

Accessed 2026-09-07

doctoral thesis

Ecology of the Reticulated Python (Malayopython reticulatus): Life in an altered landscape

Burger, Richard

PhD thesis, Cardiff University

Repository abstract consulted. Fieldwork in Sabah, Malaysia; ecological comparisons are labelled geographically.

Accessed 2026-09-07

primary field survey

Amphibian and reptile diversity along a ridge-to-reef elevational gradient on a small isolated oceanic island of the central Philippines

Meneses, C. G.; Siler, C. D.; Alviola, P. A.; Balatibat, J. B.; Gonzalez, J. C. T.; Natividad, C. A.; Brown, R. M.

Check List 18(5): 941–984

DOI 10.15560/18.5.941

Full species accounts consulted. Tentative Sibuyan taxon assignments are not transferred to confirmed species claims.

Accessed 2026-09-07

primary venom research

Equatorial Spitting Cobra (Naja sumatrana) from Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan and Penang), Southern Thailand, and Sumatra: Comparative Venom Proteomics, Immunoreactivity and Cross-Neutralization by Antivenom

Tan, C. H.; Tan, K. Y.; Wong, K. Y.; Tan, N. H.; Chong, H. P.

Toxins 14(8): 522

DOI 10.3390/toxins14080522

Abstract and figure descriptions consulted. No Philippine venom sample.

Accessed 2026-09-07

primary captive breeding report

Reproductive Notes on McGregor’s Pitviper, Trimeresurus mcgregori Taylor 1919

Mendyk, R. W.

DOI 10.17161/randa.v29i1.18271

pp. 359–361, captive records; T. flavomaculatus comparison on p. 360 is a secondary citation of Klusmeyer & Fausten (1994).

Accessed 2026-10-07

primary venom research

Snake Venom Proteomics of Samar Cobra (Naja samarensis) from the Southern Philippines: Short Alpha-Neurotoxins as the Dominant Lethal Component Weakly Cross-Neutralized by the Philippine Cobra Antivenom

Palasuberniam, P.; Chan, Y. W.; Tan, K. Y.; Tan, C. H.

Frontiers in Pharmacology 12: 727756

DOI 10.3389/fphar.2021.727756

Accessed 2026-09-07

primary natural history research

Trimeresurus flavomaculatus (Philippine Pit Viper). Maximum Body Length.

Griffing, A. H.; Gamble, T.; Heinicke, M. P.; Brown, J. C.; Siler, C. D.

Herpetological Review 52(2): 437

1528 mm total length in adult female OMNH 46849 from Calayan; measured before fixation.

Accessed 2026-09-07

original species description

A New, Miniaturized Genus and Species of Snake (Cyclocoridae) from the Philippines

Weinell, J. L.; Paluh, D. J.; Siler, C. D.; Brown, R. M.

Copeia 108(4): 907–923

DOI 10.1643/CH2020110

Accessed 2026-09-05

journal article

Two new records of Red Whip Snake Dryophiops rubescens in Palawan Province, Philippines

Sy, E. Y.; Dichaves, J. A.; Deperalta, J.

Southeast Asia Vertebrate Records 2020: 6–7

Accessed 2026-09-07

original description

A new species of reed snake, genus Calamaria (Colubridae: Calamariinae), from Mindoro Island, Philippines

Weinell, J. L.; Leviton, A. E.; Brown, R. M.

Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology 14(2): 1–14

Publisher PDF text consulted, especially diagnosis and Natural History. A genus-level dietary expectation is not a species-specific feeding record.

Accessed 2026-09-07

Primary venom research

Proteomic insights into short neurotoxin-driven, highly neurotoxic venom of Philippine cobra

Tan, C. H.; Wong, K. Y.; Chong, H. P.; Tan, N. H.; Tan, K. Y.

Abstract: venom composition and neuromuscular paralysis

Accessed 2026-09-06

peer reviewed synthesis

Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines: A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature

Leviton, A. E.; Siler, C. D.; Weinell, J. L.; Brown, R. M.

Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64(14): 399–568

DOI 10.5281/zenodo.11512589

Accessed 2026-09-05

peer reviewed phylogenetics

Discovery of an old, archipelago-wide, endemic radiation of Philippine snakes

Weinell, J. L. et al.

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 119: 144–150

DOI 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.004

Accessed 2026-09-05

primary venom research

Three-Finger Toxin Diversification in the Venoms of Cat-Eye Snakes (Colubridae: Boiga)

Dashevsky, D.; Debono, J.; Rokyta, D.; Nouwens, A.; Josh, P.; Fry, B. G.

Journal of Molecular Evolution 86: 531–545

DOI 10.1007/s00239-018-9864-6

Explicit genus-wide venom ecology; directly samples B. cynodon and B. dendrophila. Species-specific toxin activity is not extrapolated across the genus.

Accessed 2026-09-07

primary taxonomic research

A New Species of Long-glanded Coralsnake of the Genus Calliophis (Squamata: Elapidae) from Dinagat Island, with Notes on the Biogeography and Species Diversity of Philippine Calliophis and Hemibungarus

Brown, R. M.; Smart, U.; Leviton, A. E.; Smith, E. N.

Herpetologica 74(1): 89–104

Table 3 gives total-length maxima of examined series; C. salitan venom apparatus described on pp. 96–97.

Accessed 2026-09-07

Taxonomic synthesis

Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines

Leviton, A. E.; Siler, C. D.; Weinell, J. L.; Brown, R. M.

p. 456: Naja philippinensis; Map 26C

Accessed 2026-09-06

Field observation

Melanism in Northern Philippine Cobra from Isabela Province

Sy, E. Y.; Taggueg, J. B.

pp. 56–57: observation, identification and distribution remarks

Accessed 2026-09-06

peer reviewed phylogenetics

Phylogeography of the reticulated python (Malayopython reticulatus ssp.): Conservation implications for the worlds’ most traded snake species

Murray-Dickson, G.; Ghazali, M.; Ogden, R.; Brown, R.; Auliya, M.

PLOS ONE 12(8): e0182049

DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0182049

Accessed 2026-09-07

medical guideline

Guidelines for the management of snakebites, 2nd edition

World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia

Accessed 2026-09-05

primary field survey

The amphibians and reptiles of Mindanao Island, southern Philippines, II: the herpetofauna of northeast Mindanao and adjacent islands

Sanguila, M. B.; Cobb, K. A.; Siler, C. D.; Diesmos, A. C.; Alcala, A. C.; Brown, R. M.

ZooKeys 624: 1–132

DOI 10.3897/zookeys.624.9814

Publisher-supplied full text on ResearchGate consulted; species accounts on pp. 96 and 104. Historical conservation categories not adopted as current.

Accessed 2026-09-07

peer reviewed feeding ecology

Food Habits and Distribution of the Lake Taal Sea Snake (Hydrophis semperi Garman 1881) and the Sympatric Little File Snake (Acrochordus granulatus Schneider 1799) in Lake Taal, Philippines

Garcia, V. O. S.; Papa, R. D. S.; Briones, J. C. A.; Mendoza, N.; Okuda, N.; Diesmos, A. C.

Asian Herpetological Research 5(4): 255–262

DOI 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00255

Author-uploaded full text consulted; gut contents and stable isotopes are distinguished.

Accessed 2026-09-07

field observation

Notes on Mangrove Snake Boiga dendrophila multicincta (Boulenger, 1896) in Iwahig River, Puerto Princesa City

Dolorosa, R. G.

The Palawan Scientist 6(1)

Journal abstract/account consulted; Palawan observations of the multicincta population.

Accessed 2026-09-07

peer reviewed field survey

The amphibians and reptiles of Luzon Island, Philippines, VIII: the herpetofauna of Cagayan and Isabela Provinces, northern Sierra Madre Mountain Range

Brown, R. M.; Siler, C. D.; Oliveros, C. H.; Welton, L. J.; Rock, A.; Swab, J.; Van Weerd, M.; Van Beijnen, J.; Jose, E.; Rodriguez, D.; Jose, E.; Diesmos, A. C.

ZooKeys 266: 1–120

DOI 10.3897/zookeys.266.3982

Accessed 2026-09-07

Field survey

The amphibians and reptiles of Luzon Island, Philippines, VIII

Brown, R. M. et al.

p. 88: Naja philippinensis species account

Accessed 2026-09-06

peer reviewed taxonomic revision

A revision of the taxonomy of Dendrelaphis caudolineatus

Vogel, G.; van Rooijen, J.

Zootaxa 3272(1): 1–25

DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.3272.1.1

Accessed 2026-09-05

Secondary reporting

Phl cobra, 12 other reptiles on endangered list

Philstar.com

Species description and diet paragraphs; secondary natural-history summary

Accessed 2026-09-06

primary reproductive observation

Hologerrhum philippinum (Philippine Stripe-lipped Snake). Reproduction.

Phenix, E.; Phenix, J.; Siler, C. D.; Brown, R. M.; Diesmos, A. C.

Herpetological Review 42(4): 614

Original note on p. 614 consulted. Documents a mature male, not a breeding trial, clutch or reproductive calendar.

Accessed 2026-09-07

unpublished manuscript in preparation

Die Batanes Pit-Viper (Parias mcgregori): Ein Rasseporträt

Lutz, Mario

In preparation; working draft dated 2009

Author-supplied manuscript; not peer reviewed. The private working file is intentionally not linked from the public atlas.

Accessed 2026-09-06

peer reviewed taxonomic revision

Revision of the Tropidolaemus wagleri-complex (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae). I. Definition of included taxa and redescription of Tropidolaemus wagleri (Boie, 1827)

Vogel, G.; David, P.; Lutz, M.; van Rooijen, J.; Vidal, N.

Zootaxa 1644(1): 1–40

DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.1644.1.1

Primary revision for the Tropidolaemus wagleri complex; treatments of T. subannulatus on pages 23–30 and T. philippensis on pages 31–33.

Accessed 2026-09-06

primary venom research

Denmotoxin, a three-finger toxin from the colubrid snake Boiga dendrophila (Mangrove Catsnake) with bird-specific activity

Pawlak, J.; Mackessy, S. P.; Fry, B. G.; Bhatia, M.; Mourier, G.; Fruchart-Gaillard, C.; Servent, D.; Ménez, R.; Stura, E.; Ménez, A.; Kini, R. M.

Journal of Biological Chemistry 281: 29030–29041

DOI 10.1074/jbc.M605850200

Purified toxin and experimental nerve–muscle preparations; not a human clinical study.

Accessed 2026-09-07

Further reading

Die Kobras des philippinischen Archipels, Teil I: Die Philippinen-Kobra

Lutz, M.

SAURIA 28(3), pp. 5–11; publisher catalogue verified, full article not consulted

Accessed 2026-09-06

doctoral thesis

Morphology, reproductive biology and ecology of the little file snake, Acrochordus granulatus at Phangnga Bay, Thailand

Wangkulangkul, S.

PhD thesis, Chulalongkorn University

DOI 10.58837/CHULA.THE.2004.977

Repository abstract consulted; 119 snakes sampled in 2002. Thai comparative data.

Accessed 2026-09-07

peer reviewed ecology

Activity patterns of yellow-lipped sea kraits (Laticauda colubrina) on a Fijian island

Shetty, S.; Shine, R.

Copeia 2002(1): 77–85

DOI 10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0077:APOYLS]2.0.CO;2

Accessed 2026-09-07

peer reviewed ecology

Sexual divergence in diets and morphology in Fijian sea snakes Laticauda colubrina (Laticaudinae)

Shetty, S.; Shine, R.

Austral Ecology 27(1): 77–84

DOI 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.01161.x

Accessed 2026-09-07

primary feeding experiment

Snake circumvents constraints on prey size

Jayne, B. C.; Voris, H. K.; Ng, P. K. L.

Nature 418: 143

Full author-hosted paper consulted. Field stomach contents and captive feeding trials in Singapore.

Accessed 2026-09-07

Clinical case report

Intraarticular envenomation by Trimeresurus flavomaculatus mcgregori resulting in joint destruction

Clark, R. F.; Davidson, T. M.

Toxicon 35(6): 837–842

DOI 10.1016/S0041-0101(96)00194-8

Abstract consulted. Historical subspecies name retained in the article title.

Accessed 2026-09-07

encyclopedia account

Philippine cobra — Description

Wikipedia contributors

Secondary length account: 1 m average and 1.6 m reported upper length, attributed there to the University of Adelaide Clinical Toxinology Resource. The 1 m adult average is also stated in Tan et al. (2019). Wikipedia is not treated as a measured-specimen dataset.

Accessed 2026-09-07

institutional species account

Naja sumatrana (Müller, 1890)

Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS)

Reported usual length range; regional account, not a Philippine maximum-size dataset.

Accessed 2026-09-07

taxonomic database

Acrochordus granulatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Acutotyphlops banaorum — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Ahaetulla prasina — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Aplopeltura boa — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Boiga angulata — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Boiga cynodon — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Boiga dendrophila — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Boiga drapiezii — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Boiga philippina — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Boiga schultzei — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calamaria alcalai — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calamaria bitorques — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calamaria everetti — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calamaria gervaisii — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calamaria joloensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calamaria lumbricoidea — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calamaria palavanensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calamaria suluensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calamaria virgulata — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calliophis bilineatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calliophis philippinus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calliophis salitan — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Calliophis suluensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Cerberus microlepis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Cerberus schneiderii — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Chrysopelea ornata — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Chrysopelea paradisi — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Coelognathus erythrurus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Coelognathus philippinus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Cyclocorus lineatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Cyclocorus nuchalis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Dendrelaphis flavescens — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Dendrelaphis fuliginosus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Dendrelaphis levitoni — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Dendrelaphis luzonensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Dendrelaphis marenae — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Dryophiops philippina — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Dryophiops rubescens — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Emydocephalus annulatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Fordonia leucobalia — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Gerarda prevostiana — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Gerrhopilus hedraeus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Gonyosoma oxycephalum — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hemibungarus calligaster — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hemibungarus gemianulis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hemibungarus mcclungi — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hologerrhum dermali — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hologerrhum philippinum — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis atriceps — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis belcheri — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis curtus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis cyanocinctus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis elegans — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis fasciatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis hardwickii — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis inornatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis lamberti — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis melanocephalus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis ornatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis peronii — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis platurus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis semperi — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis spiralis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Hydrophis stokesii — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Indotyphlops braminus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Laticauda colubrina — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Laticauda laticaudata — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Laticauda semifasciata — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Levitonius mirus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Liopeltis philippina — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Liopeltis tricolor — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Lycodon alcalai — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Lycodon bibonius — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Lycodon capucinus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Lycodon chrysoprateros — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Lycodon dumerilii — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Lycodon fausti — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Lycodon ferroni — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Lycodon muelleri — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Lycodon sealei — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Lycodon solivagus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Lycodon subannulatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Lycodon tessellatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Malayopython reticulatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Malayotyphlops canlaonensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Malayotyphlops castanotus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Malayotyphlops collaris — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Malayotyphlops hypogius — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Malayotyphlops luzonensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Malayotyphlops manilae — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Malayotyphlops ruber — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Malayotyphlops ruficauda — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Microcephalophis gracilis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Myersophis alpestris — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Naja philippinensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Naja samarensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Naja sumatrana — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Oligodon ancorus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Oligodon maculatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Oligodon meyerinkii — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Oligodon modestus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Oligodon notospilus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Oligodon octolineatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Oligodon perkinsi — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Ophiophagus bungarus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Opisthotropis alcalai — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Opisthotropis typica — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Oxyrhabdium leporinum — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Oxyrhabdium modestum — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Psammodynastes pulverulentus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Pseudorabdion ater — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Pseudorabdion mcnamarae — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Pseudorabdion montanum — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Pseudorabdion oxycephalum — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Pseudorabdion talonuran — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Pseudorabdion taylori — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Ptyas carinata — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Ptyas luzonensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Ramphotyphlops cumingii — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Ramphotyphlops marxi — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Ramphotyphlops olivaceus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Ramphotyphlops suluensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Rhabdophis auriculatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Rhabdophis barbouri — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Rhabdophis chrysargos — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Rhabdophis lineatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Sibynophis bivittatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Sibynophis geminatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Simalia amethistina — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Stegonotus muelleri — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Trimeresurus flavomaculatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Trimeresurus mcgregori — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Trimeresurus schultzei — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Tropidolaemus philippensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Tropidolaemus subannulatus — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Tropidonophis dendrophiops — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Tropidonophis negrosensis — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Tropidonophis spilogaster — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Xenopeltis unicolor — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

taxonomic database

Ophiophagus salvatana — The Reptile Database species account

Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)

Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.

Accessed 2026-10-07

Medical guidance

Snakebite envenoming: treatment and first aid

World Health Organization

First aid for snakebites; accessed 6 September 2026

Accessed 2026-09-06