Typhlopidae · Global account with Philippine editorial coverage
Indotyphlops braminus(DAUDIN, 1803)
Indotyphlops braminus is a Typhlopidae snake included in the Philippine checklist. Its atlas account links 6 named island or island-group records to the source literature.
Literature updated 2026-10-07 · Editorial review pending
Explore the island records ↓Species portrait
Indotyphlops braminus
Image to followThe illustrated collection
Adult · study plate
Indotyphlops braminus
Image to followJuvenile · study plate
Indotyphlops braminus
Image to followLife stages will be labelled from the contributor’s information. Images alone do not establish identification or a locality record.
Media provenance
Contributor images are forthcoming. Photographs and illustrations will retain their individual credits, permissions and evidence notes.
One species · Across borders
Countries and territories named in the checked sources. Island links and country lists use these same occurrence records; a country record does not imply presence on every island.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Explicitly introduced in the checked distribution source.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
The source record names Mayotte, Réunion, not the European mainland.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Indonesia supported by Sumatra, Java; Bali, Sulawesi, Komodo.
Region guides: SumatraJava & BaliSulawesiLesser Sundas
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
The source record names Saba, not the European mainland.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Explicitly introduced in the checked distribution source.
Explicitly introduced in the checked distribution source.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Explicitly introduced in the checked distribution source.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Cosmopolitan transported species: countries denotes supported occurrence, not a claim of native status. IntroducedCountries captures explicit source introductions; native/introduced status of the remaining localities is unresolved. Broad New Guinea and Micronesia are not converted to countries.
Checked 7 October 2026. Listed, introduced and uncertain records remain distinct. Islands not yet indexed are not claims of absence. Broad references such as “Borneo” or “New Guinea” are not automatically assigned to every country sharing the island.
Explicit Indonesian country or island locality supports inclusion.
A closer look
This egg-laying snake reproduces by parthenogenesis. The cited studies established triploid, all-female reproduction; no mating pair is required for the documented reproductive mode.
Literature documented · Reproduction; Wynn et al. (1987), Ota et al. (1991)
Species-level database summary; literature review, not expert validation.
The cited account does not establish population-wide variation or the conditions at every Philippine locality.
The atlas records Indotyphlops braminus from these named Philippine areas: Luzon, Palawan, Panay, Cebu, Calamian, Camiguin Sur. These are literature areas rather than a continuous range boundary.
Literature documented · Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review
The original evidence level is retained.
A country listing cannot establish an island or a precise locality.
Indotyphlops braminus is retained in the atlas’s dated checklist under Typhlopidae. The authority is (DAUDIN 1803). Earlier names and the original source notes are preserved below for comparison.
Literature documented · Checklist identity and nomenclatural trail
Checklist verified 2026-09-05; not a newly revised taxonomic backbone.
Historical names can cover different biological concepts; synonyms should not be used to transfer records automatically.
Across the archipelago
Documented islands: gold · island groups: dashed circles
Island-level records · not continuous habitat coverage. Dashed circles locate groups, not individual observations.
Philippine distribution
Select an island to read its distribution record and sources. Uncoloured islands are not evidence of absence.
Africa: Egypt [HR 30: 236; HR 32: 11], Libya, Zanzibar, Tanzania, Mozambique, Republic of South Africa, Somalia, Cameroon, Benin, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Mauritania, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Trape 2019), Madagascar, Comoro Islands (Mayotte, Mohéli, Anjouan), Nossi Be = Nosy Bé, Mascarenes, Seychelles, Mauritius, Reunion, Rodrigues, Madeira (J. Jesus, pers. comm. 13 Dec 2012), Equatorial Guinea (incl. Annobon Island) Middle East: Saudi Arabia (introduced), Oman (introduced), United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Iran, Iraq. Asia: Vietnam, Laos, Thailand [HR 32: 279], Myanmar (= Burma), Cambodia, Malaysia (Pulau Tioman, Johor: Pulau Sibu, Pulau Besar etc.), Indonesia (Borneo, Sulawesi, Komodo, Sumatra, Java, Bali), Solomon Islands [McCoy 2000], Timor-Leste, S China (Hainan, Hunan, Guangdong: Nan Ao Island, Hong Kong, Sichuan/Chongqing, Fujian, Yunnan), Taiwan (incl. Lanyu), Japan (Ryukyu islands, incl. Senkaku), India (Assam, Tripura, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Maharashtra, Telangana, Arunachal Pradesh [A. Captain, pers. Comm.], Punjab [Dino Aulakh, pers. comm.], Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram), Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Philippines (Palawan: Calamian Islands, Panay, Luzon, Cebu, Camiguin Sur, etc.), New Guinea, Nauru, Palau, Singapore, Bangladesh Australia and Oceania: (Cook Islands, CKI, North Territory), New Caledonia, Toga Island, Vanuatu, Fiji, Micronesia, Guam (G. Rodda, pers. comm., 13 March 2016), French Polynesia (Tahiti Island, Society Archipelago) Europe: Portugal (Madeira Island), Spain (Canary Islands: Tenerife, Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, La Gomera), Italy Americas: Mexico (introduced to Sinaloa, Querétaro, Coahuila, Michoacán, Aguascalientes [HR 32: 279], Jalisco, Baja California Sur, Morelos, Tamaulipas, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, Chihuahua, Veracruz, Zacatecas, Quintana Roo: Cozumel Island, Yucatán, Campeche, Nayarit, Puebla, Guerrero, Sonora, Durango), Guatemala (introduced), Belize ? (P. Stafford, pers. comm.), Honduras, Nicaragua, Ecuador Introduced to Costa Rica (Sasa et al. 2025) USA (introduced to Florida and Hawaii), Introduced to California fide Hansen & Shedd 2024. Introduced to the West Indies [HR 28: 210], Grand Cayman Islands [HR 34: 265], St. Martin, St. Barthélmy (BREUIL 2002), St. Kitts Elevation 0-2000 m, Guadeloupe (La Désirade), Introduced to Barbados. Caribbean: Introduced to Cuba, Saba (Dutch Caribbean), Bahamas (Abaco Island), Montserrat Type locality: Vizagapatam [Visakhapatnam], India. khoratensis: C/E Thailand (Khorat Plateau area). Type locality: “Muak Lek, Friendship Highway, Sara Buri Province, Thailand”
The atlas records Indotyphlops braminus from these named Philippine areas: Luzon, Palawan, Panay, Cebu, Calamian, Camiguin Sur. These are literature areas rather than a continuous range boundary.
The Reptile Database — species checklist, 17 June 2026 ↗Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review
Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines: A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature ↗Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review
References attached to this species account. Island-specific evidence is shown separately where available.
The Reptile Database — species checklist, 17 June 2026 ↗
Indotyphlops braminus — The Reptile Database species account ↗
Living with wildlife
Venom classification not yet added · Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
Observe from a distance. Do not handle, corner or capture a snake to identify it. An incomplete venom account is not evidence that a species is safe to handle.
After a suspected snakebite, keep the person still and arrange urgent medical care. Avoid tight tourniquets, cutting, suction and unproven remedies. Do not wait to identify the snake before seeking help.
WHO guidance on snakebite first aidSpecies record
Range noteCountry/island text is not a range polygon or locality record.
Africa: Egypt [HR 30: 236; HR 32: 11], Libya, Zanzibar, Tanzania, Mozambique, Republic of South Africa, Somalia, Cameroon, Benin, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Mauritania, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Trape 2019), Madagascar, Comoro Islands (Mayotte, Mohéli, Anjouan), Nossi Be = Nosy Bé, Mascarenes, Seychelles, Mauritius, Reunion, Rodrigues, Madeira (J. Jesus, pers. comm. 13 Dec 2012), Equatorial Guinea (incl. Annobon Island) Middle East: Saudi Arabia (introduced), Oman (introduced), United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Iran, Iraq. Asia: Vietnam, Laos, Thailand [HR 32: 279], Myanmar (= Burma), Cambodia, Malaysia (Pulau Tioman, Johor: Pulau Sibu, Pulau Besar etc.), Indonesia (Borneo, Sulawesi, Komodo, Sumatra, Java, Bali), Solomon Islands [McCoy 2000], Timor-Leste, S China (Hainan, Hunan, Guangdong: Nan Ao Island, Hong Kong, Sichuan/Chongqing, Fujian, Yunnan), Taiwan (incl. Lanyu), Japan (Ryukyu islands, incl. Senkaku), India (Assam, Tripura, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Maharashtra, Telangana, Arunachal Pradesh [A. Captain, pers. Comm.], Punjab [Dino Aulakh, pers. comm.], Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram), Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Philippines (Palawan: Calamian Islands, Panay, Luzon, Cebu, Camiguin Sur, etc.), New Guinea, Nauru, Palau, Singapore, Bangladesh Australia and Oceania: (Cook Islands, CKI, North Territory), New Caledonia, Toga Island, Vanuatu, Fiji, Micronesia, Guam (G. Rodda, pers. comm., 13 March 2016), French Polynesia (Tahiti Island, Society Archipelago) Europe: Portugal (Madeira Island), Spain (Canary Islands: Tenerife, Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, La Gomera), Italy Americas: Mexico (introduced to Sinaloa, Querétaro, Coahuila, Michoacán, Aguascalientes [HR 32: 279], Jalisco, Baja California Sur, Morelos, Tamaulipas, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, Chihuahua, Veracruz, Zacatecas, Quintana Roo: Cozumel Island, Yucatán, Campeche, Nayarit, Puebla, Guerrero, Sonora, Durango), Guatemala (introduced), Belize ? (P. Stafford, pers. comm.), Honduras, Nicaragua, Ecuador Introduced to Costa Rica (Sasa et al. 2025) USA (introduced to Florida and Hawaii), Introduced to California fide Hansen & Shedd 2024. Introduced to the West Indies [HR 28: 210], Grand Cayman Islands [HR 34: 265], St. Martin, St. Barthélmy (BREUIL 2002), St. Kitts Elevation 0-2000 m, Guadeloupe (La Désirade), Introduced to Barbados. Caribbean: Introduced to Cuba, Saba (Dutch Caribbean), Bahamas (Abaco Island), Montserrat Type locality: Vizagapatam [Visakhapatnam], India. khoratensis: C/E Thailand (Khorat Plateau area). Type locality: “Muak Lek, Friendship Highway, Sara Buri Province, Thailand”
Names through time
Eryx braminus DAUDIN 1803: 279 Tortrix russelii MERREM 1820 Typhlops Braminus — FITZINGER 1826: 53 Typhlops braminus — CUVIER 1828: 103 Typhlops bramineus — SCHINZ 1834: 130 [unjustified emendation] Typhlops russeli SCHLEGEL 1839 Typhlops Braminus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1844: 309 Argyrophis truncatus GRAY 1845: 138 Argyrophis Bramicus — GRAY 1845: 138 [unjustified emendation] Eryx bramicus — GRAY 1845: 138 [unjustified emendation] Tortrix Bramicus — GRAY 1845: 279 Onychocephalus capensis SMITH 1846 Typhlops brame — DUMÉRIL 1853: 423 Typhlops Russellii — JERDON 1853: 527 Typhlops capensis — PETERS 1854: 621 Argyrophis bramicus [sic] — KELAART 1854: 137 Argyrophis Braminus — BLYTH 1856: 712 Argyrophis bramicus — TENNENT 1859: 203 Onychocephalus capensis — PETERS 1860: 83 Ophthalmidium tenue HALLOWELL 1861: 497 Typhlops (Typhlops) braminus — JAN 1863: 11 Typhlops (Typhlops) inconspicuus JAN 1863: 11 Typhlops accedens — JAN 1864 Typhlops braminus — JAN 1864 Tortrix russellii — GÜNTHER 1864: 175 Typhlops accedens JAN & SORDELLI 1864: 3 Typhlops capensis — PETERS 1869: 139 Typhlops avoterminatus GÜNTHER 1870: 139 Typhlops inconspicuus — BOETTGER 1879: 459 Typhlops bramini — BOETTGER 1881: 650 Typhlops (Typhlops) euproctus BOETTGER 1882: 479 Typhlops bramino — BOETTGER 1882: 479 [unjustified emendation] Typhlops sp. (braminus var.?) — MÜLLER 1887: 259 Typhlops brahminus — PHIPSON 1888:49 [unjustified emendation] Typhlops braminus — BOULENGER 1893: 16 Typhlops euproctus — BOULENGER 1893: 16 Tortrix russellii — BOULENGER 1893:16 [unjustified emendation] Typhlops russellii — BOULENGER 1893:16 [unjustified emendation] Cyphlops braminus — CARDEW 1897:592 [error typographicus] Typhlops bramimus — MEHELY 1897:62 [error typographicus] Typhlops bramina — HASSERT 1903:25 [unjustified emendation] Typhlops braminus arenicola ANNANDALE 1906:192 Typhlops limbrickii ANNANDALE 1906 Typhlops braminus — STEJNEGER 1907: 260 Glauconia braueri STERNFELD 1910: 69 Tyhlops braminus — OSHIMA 1910: 186 [error typographicus] Typhlops braueri — BOULENGER 1910: 29 Typhlopidae [sic] braminus — ROUX 1911 Typhlops braminis, MONTAGUE 1914: 643. [error typographicus] Typhlops braminus — DE ROOIJ 1917: 5 Typhlops fletcheri WALL 1919: 556, pl. 1 Typhlops bramini — HOLTZINGER-TENEVER 1920:102. [unjustified emendation] Typhlops braminus — BOULENGER 1920 Typhlops braminus — TAYLOR 1922 Typhlops sp. ? — GHARPUREY 1927: 224 Typhlops braminus braminus — MERENS 1930: 278 Typhlops sp. — PURACHATRA 1930: 60 Typhlops braminius — MAKI 1931 Typhlops braminius — GHARPUREY 1932: 272 [error typographicus] Typhlopidae sp. — GHARPUREY 1935: 272 Typhlopus braminus — NAKAMURA 1938: 192 [error typographicus] Typhlops braminus — SMITH 1943 Typhlops inconspiuous — LOVERIDGE 1957: 244 [unjustified emendation] Typhlops khoratensis TAYLOR 1962: 248 Typhlops koratensis — TAYLOR 1965: 645 [error typographicus] Ramphotyphlops braminus — ROBB 1966: 675 Typhlops pseudosaurus DRYDEN and TAYLOR 1969 Typhlops braminus — DEUVE 1970 Ehyx braminus — AGRAWAL 1970: 41 [error typographicus] Typhlops braminae — BROWN & ALCALA [unjustified emendation] Typhlops braminueus — GALLAGHER 1971: 27 [error typographicus] Typhlops cf. braminus — CHEKE 1973: 469 Typhlina (?) bramina — MCDOWELL 1974: 22 Typhlina bramina — BROADLEY 1974: 24–26 Typhlops Graminas — AGARWAL 1979: 9 [error typographicus] Typhlina braminus — MCDOWELL 1974 Typhlina bramina bramina — AUFFENBERG 1980: 113 Ramphotyphlops braminus — NUSSBAUM 1980 Ramphotyphlops bramina — WILSON & PORRAS 1983: 55 Ramphotyphlopus braminus — GIBBONS 1985: 139 [error typographicus] Ramphotyphlops braminus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 144 Ramphotyphlops braminus — GLAW & VENCES 1994: 350 Ramphotyphlops braminus — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 432 Ramphotyphlops braminus — COX et al. 1998: 12 Ramphotyphlops braminus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 59 Typhlops khoratensis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 106 Typhlops braminus — LAZELL 2002 Ramphotyphlops braminus — D’CRUZE et al. 2007 Ramphotyphlops braminus — BROADLEY & WALLACH 2009 Ramphotyphlops braminus — COX et al. 2012: 7 Typhlops khoratensis — COX et al. 2012: 25 Ramphotyphlops bramius — JEAN-BAPTISTE 2013 (in error) Ramphotyphlops braminus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 626 Indotyphlops braminus — HEDGES et al. 2014 Ramphotyphlops braminus — COGGER 2014: 798 Indotyphlops khoratensis — HEDGES et al. 2014 Typhlops khoratensis — CHAN-ARD et al. 2015: 148 Ramphotyphlops braminus — CHAN-ARD et al. 2015: 145 Ramphotyphlops barminus — BALOUCHA et al. 2016 (in error) Ramphotyphlops braminus — SUPSUP et al. 2016 Ramphotyphlops braminus — SANGUILA et al. 2016 Indotyphlops braminus — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 354 Virgotyphlops braminus — WALLACH 2020 Indotyphlops braminus — SPEYBROECK et al. 2020 Virgotyphlops braminus — CRUZ-ELIZALDE et al. 2022 Indotyphlops braminus — WICKRAMASINGHE et al. 2022 Rhamphotyphlops braminus — MENESES et al. 2022 (in error) Ramphotyphops braminus — ICLEI 2023 (in error) Virgotyphlops braminus — O’SHEA et al. 2023 Virgotyphlops braminus — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023 Indotyphlops braminus — THORPE 2022 Indotyphlops braminus — EIPPER & EIPPER 2024: 343 Indotyphlops braminus — HANSEN & SHEDD 2025 Virgotyphlops braminus — SASA et al. 2025 Rhamphotyphlops braminus — BARAL & KADARIYA 2025
Description in BROADLEY & WALLACH 2009. Synonymy: following Wallach 2009 (who lists many more typos and variations). Type species: Eryx braminus DAUDIN 1803 is the type species of the genus Virgotyphlops Wallach 2020 which was erected based on its parthenogenetic mode of reproduction (which may or may not be justified, given that other genera have mixed modes of reproduction, e.g. Darevskia or Aspidoscelis). Distribution: Not listed for Togo by Segniagbeto et al. 2012. See map in Burriel-Carranza et al. 2019 for map in UAE. For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013. For a map with localities in Equatorial Guinea see SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS et al. 2022. Phylogenetics: I. braminus as currently diagnosed appears to fall into several genetically distinct clades which may be separate species (Wickramasinghe et al. 2022). The monophyly of Indotyphlops including braminus was also confirmed by Sidharthan & Karanth 2021, hence we reject the establishment of a new genus, Virgotyphlops. Karyotype: triploid karyotype of 3n=42 with seven macro- and seven microtriplets and NORs on a microtriplet (Mezzasalma et al. 2016). Similar species: I. lankaensis, I. violaceus (both Sri Lanka). Genome: Khedkar et al. 2022, Zhu et al. 2023, 2024, Lv et al 2025. Transcriptome: Zhu et al. 2023.
Uetz, P.; Freed, P.; Aguilar, R.; Reyes, F.; Kudera, J.; Hošek, J. (eds.)
Leviton, A. E.; Siler, C. D.; Weinell, J. L.; Brown, R. M.
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64(14): 399–568
Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)
Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.