Elapidae · Philippine record
Hemibungarus gemianulisPETERS 1872
Venom: Venomous Philippine coralsnake. Species-specific clinical effects require separate assessment.
p. 89, Introduction; C. salitan venom apparatus, pp. 96–97
Venom effects and medical significance are different from toxicity rankings. Do not handle a snake on the basis of this summary.
Hemibungarus gemianulis is a Elapidae snake included in the Philippine checklist. Its atlas account links 3 named island or island-group records to the source literature.
Literature updated 2026-10-07 · Editorial review pending
Explore the island records ↓Species portrait
Hemibungarus gemianulis
Image to followThe illustrated collection
Adult · study plate
Hemibungarus gemianulis
Image to followJuvenile · study plate
Hemibungarus gemianulis
Image to followLife stages will be labelled from the contributor’s information. Images alone do not establish identification or a locality record.
Media provenance
Contributor images are forthcoming. Photographs and illustrations will retain their individual credits, permissions and evidence notes.
A closer look
The database notes that some catalogues placed this name under H. calligaster. The atlas follows its separate checklist entry while retaining the older names in the nomenclatural trail.
Literature documented · Comment: Wallach et al. (2014)
Species-level database summary; literature review, not expert validation.
The cited account does not establish population-wide variation or the conditions at every Philippine locality.
The species account records egg-laying reproduction. A verified Philippine clutch-size range, incubation interval and breeding calendar are not established here.
Literature documented · Reproduction field
Reproductive mode reported for this named species.
Mode alone does not establish litter or clutch size, seasonal timing, or captive husbandry requirements.
The atlas records Hemibungarus gemianulis from these named Philippine areas: Panay, Negros, Cebu. These are literature areas rather than a continuous range boundary.
Literature documented · Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review
The original evidence level is retained.
A country listing cannot establish an island or a precise locality.
Across the archipelago
Documented islands: gold · island groups: dashed circles
Island-level records · not continuous habitat coverage. Dashed circles locate groups, not individual observations.
Philippine distribution
Select an island to read its distribution record and sources. Uncoloured islands are not evidence of absence.
Philippines (Cebu, Negros, Panay) Type locality: “Philippinen”
The atlas records Hemibungarus gemianulis from these named Philippine areas: Panay, Negros, Cebu. These are literature areas rather than a continuous range boundary.
The Reptile Database — species checklist, 17 June 2026 ↗Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review
Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines: A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature ↗Existing checklist occurrence statement and distribution review
References attached to this species account. Island-specific evidence is shown separately where available.
The Reptile Database — species checklist, 17 June 2026 ↗
Hemibungarus gemianulis — The Reptile Database species account ↗
Living with wildlife
Venomous · Effects not yet summarised in this atlas
Observe from a distance. Do not handle, corner or capture a snake to identify it. An incomplete venom account is not evidence that a species is safe to handle.
After a suspected snakebite, keep the person still and arrange urgent medical care. Avoid tight tourniquets, cutting, suction and unproven remedies. Do not wait to identify the snake before seeking help.
WHO guidance on snakebite first aidSpecies record
Range noteCountry/island text is not a range polygon or locality record.
Philippines (Cebu, Negros, Panay) Type locality: “Philippinen”
Names through time
Hemibungarus gemianulis PETERS 1872 Hemibungarus calligaster gemianulis — WELCH 1994: 65 Calliophis calligaster gemianulis — ALCALA et al. 2004 Hemibungarus calligaster gemianulis — GAULKE 2011: 320 Hemibungarus gemianulis — LEVITON et al. 2014 Hemibungarus gemianulis — SUPSUP et al. 2016 Hemibungarus gemianulis — GAULKE 2019: 56
Synonymy: Wallach et al. 2014: 325 list this species as synonym of Hemibungarus calligaster.
Uetz, P.; Freed, P.; Aguilar, R.; Reyes, F.; Kudera, J.; Hošek, J. (eds.)
Leviton, A. E.; Siler, C. D.; Weinell, J. L.; Brown, R. M.
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64(14): 399–568
Brown, R. M.; Smart, U.; Leviton, A. E.; Smith, E. N.
Herpetologica 74(1): 89–104
Table 3 gives total-length maxima of examined series; C. salitan venom apparatus described on pp. 96–97.
Uetz, P.; Hallermann, J. et al. (editors)
Public species fields consulted for bounded biological summaries. Primary sources quoted within the database were not independently examined unless explicitly stated. The catalogue name may differ from the current source title.